Description
Abstract:INTRODUCTION: Running kinematics and stability are critical components of athletic performance and injury prevention. Step frequency is a key variable that influences these aspects. Adjusting step frequency can alter running mechanics,
potentially improving efficiency. This study explores the impact of step frequency manipulation on running kinematics and stability, with a focus on different feedback modalities (auditory and visual). The Goal Equivalent Manifold (GEM) method is employed to assess running stability. GEM analysis provides a framework for understanding how runners maintain stability by allowing for variability in certain dimensions while constraining others. This method is particularly useful for analyzing complex motor tasks like running, where stability is maintained through dynamic adjustments rather than rigid control.
METHODS: Twenty trained and recreational runners (10 male, 10 female) took part in 13 treadmill trials, each lasting 2 minutes at a speed of 12 km/h with a 1% incline. Baseline kinematics were established from two initial runs without any
feedback. Participants then completed trials with auditory (metronome) and visual (on-screen) feedback, adjusting their step frequency to predetermined targets of ±3% and ±6% from their baseline. The feedback was specific to the right leg, and participants were not informed of the frequency adjustments. Running kinematics, including step length and time, were recorded using the OptoJump Next system, and heart rate was continuously monitored. Stability was assessed using the Goal Equivalent Manifold (GEM) method, while kinematic variability and physiological responses were analyzedusing descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS: Preliminary analysis using repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in kinematic variability and stability between baseline and manipulated step frequencies. Visual feedback trials exhibited greater variability
compared to auditory feedback, with more pronounced deviations at ±6% frequencies. Heart rate responses were correlated with step frequency deviations, indicating increased physiological effort with larger frequency changes. These results highlight also the importance of feedback modality.
CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that step frequency manipulation significantly impacts running stability and kinematics. The distinct responses to auditory and visual feedback modalities suggest that visual feedback may introduce greater variability in running mechanics. The correlation between heart rate and step frequency deviations highlights the increased physiological effort required for larger frequency adjustments. This suggests potential applications in training and rehabilitation. These insights can inform strategies for optimizing running mechanics, feedback methods, and physiological efficiency.
| Period | 1 Jul 2025 → 4 Jul 2025 |
|---|---|
| Event title | 30th European Sports Sciences College Congress |
| Event type | Congress |
| Conference number | 30 |
| Organiser | European College of Sport Science |
| Location | Rimini, ItalyShow on map |
| Degree of Recognition | International |
Field of Science
- 3.3 Health sciences