2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy

Guidelines evaluate and summarize available evidence with the aim of assisting health professionals in proposing the best diagnostic or therapeutic approach for an individual patient with a given condition. European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines are intended for use by health professionals but do not override their individual responsibility to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with the
patient or the patient’s caregiver where appropriate and/or necessary. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the rules and regulations applicable in each country to drugs and devices at the time of prescription and to respect the ethical rules of their profession.
ESC Guidelines represent the official position of the ESC on a given topic. Guideline topics are selected for updating after annual expert review of new evidence conducted by the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Committee. European Society of Cardiology Policies and Procedures for formulating and issuing ESC Guidelines can be found on the ESC website (https://www.escardio.org/ Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Guidelines-development/ Writing-ESC-Guidelines).
This guideline updates and replaces the previous version from 2018. This Task Force was selected by the ESC to include professionals involved with the medical care of patients with this pathology and to include patient representatives and methodologists. The selection procedure included an open call for authors and aimed to include members from across the whole of the ESC region and from relevant ESC Subspecialty Communities. Consideration was given to diversity and inclusion.