TY - JOUR
T1 - Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior?
T2 - Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers
AU - Niciporuka, Rita
AU - Nazarovs, Jurijs
AU - Ozolins, Arturs
AU - Narbuts, Zenons
AU - Miklasevics, Edvins
AU - Gardovskis, Janis
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by Riga Stradins University Grant to Non-invasive diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for bladder tumor early diagnosis and prediction.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/10/19
Y1 - 2021/10/19
N2 - Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted.
AB - Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted.
KW - Adenocarcinoma
KW - Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
KW - Humans
KW - Prognosis
KW - Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
KW - Tumor Microenvironment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118113238&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/medicina57101131
DO - 10.3390/medicina57101131
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34684168
SN - 1010-660X
VL - 57
JO - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JF - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
IS - 10
M1 - 1131
ER -
