TY - JOUR
T1 - Challenges in the physical characterization of lipid nanoparticles
AU - Hallan, Supandeep Singh
AU - Sguizzato, Maddalena
AU - Esposito, Elisabetta
AU - Cortesi, Rita
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Markus Drechsler for the cryo-TEM images, Paolo Mariani for the discussion on X ray diffraction data, and Tautgirdas Ruzgas for supervising the SCOE ex-periments. The financial support of the University of Ferrara (FIR 2019 and FAR 2020) is also acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Nano-sized drug transporters have become an efficient approach with considerable commercial values. Nanomedicine is not only limited to drug delivery by means of different administration routes, such as intravenous, oral, transdermal, nasal, pulmonary, and more, but also has applications in a multitude of areas, such as a vaccine, antibacterial, diagnostics and imaging, and gene delivery. This review will focus on lipid nanosystems with a wide range of applications, taking into consideration their composition, properties, and physical parameters. However, designing suitable protocol for the physical evaluation of nanoparticles is still conflicting. The main obstacle is concerning the sensitivity, reproducibility, and reliability of the adopted methodology. Some important techniques are compared and discussed in this report. Particularly, a comparison between different techniques involved in (a) the morphologic characterization, such as Cryo-TEM, SEM, and X-ray; (b) the size measurement, such as dynamic light scattering, sedimentation field flow fractionation, and optical microscopy; and (c) surface properties, namely zeta potential measurement, is described. In addition, an amperometric tool in order to investigate antioxidant activity and the response of nanomaterials towards the skin membrane has been presented.
AB - Nano-sized drug transporters have become an efficient approach with considerable commercial values. Nanomedicine is not only limited to drug delivery by means of different administration routes, such as intravenous, oral, transdermal, nasal, pulmonary, and more, but also has applications in a multitude of areas, such as a vaccine, antibacterial, diagnostics and imaging, and gene delivery. This review will focus on lipid nanosystems with a wide range of applications, taking into consideration their composition, properties, and physical parameters. However, designing suitable protocol for the physical evaluation of nanoparticles is still conflicting. The main obstacle is concerning the sensitivity, reproducibility, and reliability of the adopted methodology. Some important techniques are compared and discussed in this report. Particularly, a comparison between different techniques involved in (a) the morphologic characterization, such as Cryo-TEM, SEM, and X-ray; (b) the size measurement, such as dynamic light scattering, sedimentation field flow fractionation, and optical microscopy; and (c) surface properties, namely zeta potential measurement, is described. In addition, an amperometric tool in order to investigate antioxidant activity and the response of nanomaterials towards the skin membrane has been presented.
KW - Cubosomes
KW - Ethosomes
KW - Gels
KW - Liposomes
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Nanostructured lipid carriers
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Novel drug delivery system
KW - Solid lipid nanoparticles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104713440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040549
DO - 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040549
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85104713440
SN - 1999-4923
VL - 13
JO - Pharmaceutics
JF - Pharmaceutics
IS - 4
M1 - 549
ER -
