Characterization of Tissue Immunity Defense Factors of the Lip in Primary Dentition Children with Bilateral Cleft Lip Palate

Laura Ozola (Corresponding Author), Māra Pilmane (Corresponding Author)

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Abstract

Background: Bilateral cleft lip palate is a severe congenital birth defect of the mouth and
face. Immunity factors modulate immune response, inflammation, and healing; therefore, they are
vital in the assessment of the immunological status of the patient. The aim of this study is to assess the distribution of Gal-10, CD-163, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, HBD-2, HBD-3, and HBD-4 in tissue of the bilateral
cleft lip palate in primary dentition children. Methods: Five patients underwent cheiloplasty surgery,
where five tissue samples of lip were obtained. Immunohistochemical staining, semi-quantitative
evaluation, and non-parametric statistical analysis were used. Results: A statistically significant
increase in HBD-2, HBD-3, and HBD-4 was found in skin and mucosal epithelium, hair follicles, and
blood vessels. A notable increase was also noted in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in the mucosal epithelium
and CD163 in blood vessels. The connective tissue of patients presented with a statistically significant
decrease in Gal-10, IL-10, and HBD-3. Spearman’s rank correlation revealed multiple significant
positive and negative correlations between the factors. Conclusions: Upregulation of CD163 points to
increased angiogenesis but the increase in IL-4 and IL-10 as well as the decrease in Gal-10 points to
suppression of excessive inflammatory damage. Decreased connective tissue healing and excessive
scarring are suggested by the decrease in HBD-3 and IL-10 and the increase in IL-6.
Original languageEnglish
Article number965
Pages (from-to)1-25
Number of pages25
JournalJournal of Personalized Medicine
Volume14
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2024

Keywords*

  • cleft lip and palate
  • tissue defense factors
  • primary dentition
  • HBD
  • IL
  • Gal-10
  • CD-163

Field of Science*

  • 3.1 Basic medicine

Publication Type*

  • 1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database

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