Circulating adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase-9, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease patients with stable and unstable angina

Background: There are many pathophysiological mechanisms underlying reciprocal relationships between changes in cytokines and insulin resistance in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and their relation to insulin resistance in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with stable and unstable angina (SAP, UAP). Methods: Non-diabetic CAD patients were classified into two groups: 22 patients with SAP and 22 patients with UAP. 22 healthy subjects were selected as controls. The study groups were matched for age and sex. Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR method. Serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin PAI-1(total), MPO and MMP-9 were quantified by xMAP technology (Luminex-200 analyzer). Results: Both patient groups demonstrated significantly elevated serum levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, PAI-1(total), MPO and MMP-9 (p < 0.05) as well as higher IR-HOMA values (p < 0.05) than those of healthy controls. The elevation was more pronounced in the UAP group (p < 0.01). HOMA-IR was correlated with sICAM-1, PAI-1(total), and MMP-9 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings show that CAD patients have elevated HOMA-IR values. Furthermore, CAD patients with UAP have higher levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, MMP-9, PAI-1(total), and MPO than patients with SAP, and there are relationships between three of the above biomarkers: sICAM-1, PAI-1(total), MMP-9 and HOMA-IR.