Creation of digital bones collection with anatomically correct and optimized 3D models

There are currently several digital applications and databases that offer different types of anatomical three-dimensional (3D) models, but at the same time, it is very important to create a collection of these models for some human skeletal structures that are optimized for testing and verification, according to normal human anatomy. This study consisted of two parts. The 1st part included segmentation of digital models of bones of the torso (52 bones) from computed tomography (CT) scan of the human body, optimization of the models (analysis of the errors, artifacts, mesh density), and validation of the models comparing them to normal anatomy from literature sources and real bones. In the 2nd part, several defective models were corrected and afterward 3D models were developed and made accessible for a digital collection created for the study process. The three software (Slicer, Meshmixer, Meshlab), and the web service for storage and visualization (Sketchfab) have been used in creation process. The 52 bones were segmented from the free available computed tomography scan of the human body by the Slicer software. Every bone was evaluated on the presence of artifacts by Meshlab. All the detected artifacts were corrected using Meshlab and Meshmixer. Afterwards the anatomical correctness was evaluated and all observed inaccuracies were corrected with the help of Meshmixer. Prepared digital models were uploaded on the special storage and visualization platform. Created digital collection can be used in the study process and different areas, including simulations, anthropology, 3D printing, bioprinting, etc. It will contribute to the development of a new interdisciplinary solution in the medical sector and promise new benefits in the e-teaching and e-learning of 3D printing in the human anatomy course.