Distribution of Immunomodulation, Protection and Regeneration Factors in Cleft-Affected Bone and Cartilage

Mārtiņš Vaivads (Corresponding Author), Māra Pilmane

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Abstract

Background: Craniofacial clefts can form a significant defect within bone and cartilage, which can negatively affect tissue homeostasis and the remodeling process. Multiple proteins can affect supportive tissue growth, while also regulating local immune response and tissue protection. Some of these factors, like galectin-10 (Gal-10), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells protein 65 (NF-κB p65), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and 70 (HSP70) and cathelicidin (LL-37), have not been well studied in cleft-affected supportive tissue, while more known tissue regeneration regulators like type I collagen (Col-I) and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2/4) have not been assessed jointly with immunomodulation and protective proteins. Information about the presence and interaction of these proteins in cleft-affected supportive tissue could be helpful in developing biomaterials and improving cleft treatment. Methods: Two control groups and two cleft patient groups for bone tissue and cartilage, respectively, were organized with five patients in each group. Immunohistochemistry with the semiquantitative counting method was implemented to determine Gal-10-, NF-κB p65-, HSP60-, HSP70-, LL-37-, Col-I- and BMP-2/4-positive cells within the tissue. Results: Factor-positive cells were identified in each study group. Multiple statistically significant correlations were identified. Conclusions: A significant increase in HSP70-positive chondrocytes in cleft patients could indicate that HSP70 might be reacting to stressors caused by the local tissue defect. A significant increase in Col-I-positive osteocytes in cleft patients might indicate increased bone remodeling and osteocyte activity due to the presence of a cleft. Correlations between factors indicate notable differences in molecular interactions within each group.
Original languageEnglish
Article number2217
Number of pages21
JournalDiagnostics
Volume14
Issue number19
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Oct 2024

Keywords*

  • cleft lip and palate
  • bone
  • hyaline cartilage
  • Gal-10
  • NF-κB p65
  • HSP60
  • HSP70
  • LL-37
  • Col-I
  • BMP-2/4

Field of Science*

  • 3.1 Basic medicine

Publication Type*

  • 1.4. Reviewed scientific article published in Latvia or abroad in a scientific journal with an editorial board (including university editions)

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