Effect on interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 levels following use of fibrin sealant for periodontal surgery

Background: Fibrin sealant (FS) is a biologically derived tissue adhesive for securing flaps. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare early wound healing by assessing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after using FS and suture for periodontal flap closure. Methods: Thirty selected quadrants in 15 periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to either a test (fibrining) or control group (suturing) for flap closure. IL-1β and IL-8 were assessed in GCF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and eight days after surgery. Patients were recalled at 7, 14, 21 days and 3 months after surgery for clinical assessment. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in IL-1β (84.82 ± 77.18, 29.2 ± 21.97 pg/μl) and IL-8 (57.94 ± 55.47, 21.82 ± 21.93 pg/μl) levels in the test side after fibrining while there was an increase in the control side (IL-1β 31.40 ± 16.82, 128.8 ± 45.14; IL-8 31.40 ± 16.82, 128.83 ± 45.14 pg/μl) (p < 0.05). The change in concentration of IL-1β and IL-8 following intervention correlated significantly in both the sites. Clinical parameters differed significantly only on the seventh day with less plaque and bleeding on the test sites. Conclusions: Fibrin sealant enhances early wound healing by reducing inflammation after periodontal flap surgery.