Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis

Behnam Boobani; Juris Grants; Žermēna Vazne; Aleksandrs Astafičevs; Renārs Līcis; Artur Litwiniuk

doi:10.7220/9786094676499

Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis

Behnam Boobani, Juris Grants, Žermēna Vazne, Aleksandrs Astafičevs, Renārs Līcis, Artur Litwiniuk

Rīga Stradiņš University

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to validate the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes
(RESTQ-Sport) in Latvian using factor analysis methods.
Methods: A sample of Latvian athletes (n = 300) aged 18 to 25 from various sports completed the
questionnaire. The REST-Q. The questionnaire contains 76 questions on 19 scales grouped into four
dimensions. There are seven general stress (GS), five general recovery scales (GR), three sport stress
(SS), and four sport recovery scales (SR). Answers are on a Likert scale from 0 (never) to 6 (always).
Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Office Excel.
The internal consistency of the scales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Factor analysis
(Principal Component Analysis) was performed to assess the underlying structure of the questionnaire
and validate its dimensions.
Results: KMO shows moderate suitability for factor analysis (greater than 0.7). KMO is used to
check the suitability of the study sample for factor analysis. 2) Bartlet's (p < 0.05) Bartlet's test is used
to check the suitability of observations for factor analysis. The significance level of the obtained
results is less than 0.05. Sample data is suitable for factor analysis.
Conclusions: The Latvian version of the REST-Q shows internal consistency and good factor
analysis. (Postdoctoral Grant No. RSU/LSPA-PG-2024/1-0002 ‘Recovery strategies to improve the
performance of martial arts athletes’, of project No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005 RSU Internal and
RSU with LSPA External Consolidation (financed by the European Union’s Recovery and Resilience
Mechanism and the budget of the Republic of Latvia)).

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations
Subtitle of host publication	The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sport Science: Abstract book
Editors	Rūtenis Paulauskas, Paulius Kamarauskas
Publisher	Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
Pages	23-23
Number of pages	1
ISBN (Electronic)	978-609-467-649-9 (
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.7220/9786094676499
Publication status	Published - Apr 2025
Event	The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sports Sciences "Expending Horizons in Sports Science and Innovation" - Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Duration: 28 Apr 2025 → 30 Apr 2025 Conference number: 18 https://www.balticsportsciencesociety.org/new-page-2 https://www.vdu.lt/en/the-18th-conference-of-baltic-society-of-sport-sciences/

Conference

Conference	The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sports Sciences "Expending Horizons in Sports Science and Innovation"
Country/Territory	Lithuania
City	Kaunas
Period	28/04/25 → 30/04/25
Internet address	https://www.balticsportsciencesociety.org/new-page-2 https://www.vdu.lt/en/the-18th-conference-of-baltic-society-of-sport-sciences/

Keywords*

questionnaire
validation
recovery
Stress

Field of Science*

3.3 Health sciences

Publication Type*

3.2. Articles or chapters in other proceedings other than those included in 3.1., with an ISBN or ISSN code

Access to Document

10.7220/9786094676499

https://portalcris.vdu.lt/server/api/core/bitstreams/b92a15d7-60d8-4145-b088-149dde33c4

Cite this

Boobani, B., Grants, J., Vazne, Ž., Astafičevs, A., Līcis, R., & Litwiniuk, A. (2025). Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis. In R. Paulauskas, & P. Kamarauskas (Eds.), Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations: The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sport Science: Abstract book (pp. 23-23). Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas. https://doi.org/10.7220/9786094676499

Boobani, Behnam ; Grants, Juris ; Vazne, Žermēna et al. / Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis. Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations: The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sport Science: Abstract book. editor / Rūtenis Paulauskas ; Paulius Kamarauskas. Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2025. pp. 23-23

@inproceedings{0dc7dc27b1054d43aae0e435cedebbbc,

title = "Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis",

abstract = "Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to validate the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes(RESTQ-Sport) in Latvian using factor analysis methods.Methods: A sample of Latvian athletes (n = 300) aged 18 to 25 from various sports completed thequestionnaire. The REST-Q. The questionnaire contains 76 questions on 19 scales grouped into fourdimensions. There are seven general stress (GS), five general recovery scales (GR), three sport stress(SS), and four sport recovery scales (SR). Answers are on a Likert scale from 0 (never) to 6 (always).Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Office Excel.The internal consistency of the scales was evaluated using Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha. Factor analysis(Principal Component Analysis) was performed to assess the underlying structure of the questionnaireand validate its dimensions.Results: KMO shows moderate suitability for factor analysis (greater than 0.7). KMO is used tocheck the suitability of the study sample for factor analysis. 2) Bartlet's (p < 0.05) Bartlet's test is usedto check the suitability of observations for factor analysis. The significance level of the obtainedresults is less than 0.05. Sample data is suitable for factor analysis.Conclusions: The Latvian version of the REST-Q shows internal consistency and good factoranalysis. (Postdoctoral Grant No. RSU/LSPA-PG-2024/1-0002 {\textquoteleft}Recovery strategies to improve theperformance of martial arts athletes{\textquoteright}, of project No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005 RSU Internal andRSU with LSPA External Consolidation (financed by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Recovery and ResilienceMechanism and the budget of the Republic of Latvia)).",

keywords = "questionnaire, validation, recovery, Stress",

author = "Behnam Boobani and Juris Grants and {\v Z}ermēna Vazne and Aleksandrs Astafi{\v c}evs and Renārs Līcis and Artur Litwiniuk",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

doi = "10.7220/9786094676499",

language = "English",

pages = "23--23",

editor = "Paulauskas, {Rūtenis } and Kamarauskas, {Paulius }",

booktitle = "Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations",

publisher = "Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Did{\v z}iojo universitetas",

note = "The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sports Sciences {"}Expending Horizons in Sports Science and Innovation{"} ; Conference date: 28-04-2025 Through 30-04-2025",

url = "https://www.balticsportsciencesociety.org/new-page-2, https://www.vdu.lt/en/the-18th-conference-of-baltic-society-of-sport-sciences/",

}

Boobani, B , Grants, J , Vazne, Ž , Astafičevs, A , Līcis, R & Litwiniuk, A 2025, Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis. in R Paulauskas & P Kamarauskas (eds), Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations: The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sport Science: Abstract book. Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, pp. 23-23, The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sports Sciences "Expending Horizons in Sports Science and Innovation", Kaunas, Lithuania, 28/04/25. https://doi.org/10.7220/9786094676499

Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis. / Boobani, Behnam ; Grants, Juris ; Vazne, Žermēna et al.
Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations: The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sport Science: Abstract book. ed. / Rūtenis Paulauskas; Paulius Kamarauskas. Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2025. p. 23-23.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis

AU - Boobani, Behnam

AU - Grants, Juris

AU - Vazne, Žermēna

AU - Astafičevs, Aleksandrs

AU - Līcis, Renārs

AU - Litwiniuk, Artur

N1 - Conference code: 18

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to validate the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes(RESTQ-Sport) in Latvian using factor analysis methods.Methods: A sample of Latvian athletes (n = 300) aged 18 to 25 from various sports completed thequestionnaire. The REST-Q. The questionnaire contains 76 questions on 19 scales grouped into fourdimensions. There are seven general stress (GS), five general recovery scales (GR), three sport stress(SS), and four sport recovery scales (SR). Answers are on a Likert scale from 0 (never) to 6 (always).Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Office Excel.The internal consistency of the scales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Factor analysis(Principal Component Analysis) was performed to assess the underlying structure of the questionnaireand validate its dimensions.Results: KMO shows moderate suitability for factor analysis (greater than 0.7). KMO is used tocheck the suitability of the study sample for factor analysis. 2) Bartlet's (p < 0.05) Bartlet's test is usedto check the suitability of observations for factor analysis. The significance level of the obtainedresults is less than 0.05. Sample data is suitable for factor analysis.Conclusions: The Latvian version of the REST-Q shows internal consistency and good factoranalysis. (Postdoctoral Grant No. RSU/LSPA-PG-2024/1-0002 ‘Recovery strategies to improve theperformance of martial arts athletes’, of project No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005 RSU Internal andRSU with LSPA External Consolidation (financed by the European Union’s Recovery and ResilienceMechanism and the budget of the Republic of Latvia)).

AB - Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to validate the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes(RESTQ-Sport) in Latvian using factor analysis methods.Methods: A sample of Latvian athletes (n = 300) aged 18 to 25 from various sports completed thequestionnaire. The REST-Q. The questionnaire contains 76 questions on 19 scales grouped into fourdimensions. There are seven general stress (GS), five general recovery scales (GR), three sport stress(SS), and four sport recovery scales (SR). Answers are on a Likert scale from 0 (never) to 6 (always).Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Office Excel.The internal consistency of the scales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Factor analysis(Principal Component Analysis) was performed to assess the underlying structure of the questionnaireand validate its dimensions.Results: KMO shows moderate suitability for factor analysis (greater than 0.7). KMO is used tocheck the suitability of the study sample for factor analysis. 2) Bartlet's (p < 0.05) Bartlet's test is usedto check the suitability of observations for factor analysis. The significance level of the obtainedresults is less than 0.05. Sample data is suitable for factor analysis.Conclusions: The Latvian version of the REST-Q shows internal consistency and good factoranalysis. (Postdoctoral Grant No. RSU/LSPA-PG-2024/1-0002 ‘Recovery strategies to improve theperformance of martial arts athletes’, of project No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005 RSU Internal andRSU with LSPA External Consolidation (financed by the European Union’s Recovery and ResilienceMechanism and the budget of the Republic of Latvia)).

KW - questionnaire

KW - validation

KW - recovery

KW - Stress

UR - https://www.balticsportsciencesociety.org/new-page-2

U2 - 10.7220/9786094676499

DO - 10.7220/9786094676499

M3 - Conference contribution

SP - 23

EP - 23

BT - Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations

A2 - Paulauskas, Rūtenis

A2 - Kamarauskas, Paulius

PB - Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

T2 - The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sports Sciences "Expending Horizons in Sports Science and Innovation"

Y2 - 28 April 2025 through 30 April 2025

ER -

Boobani B , Grants J , Vazne Ž , Astafičevs A , Līcis R, Litwiniuk A. Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis. In Paulauskas R, Kamarauskas P, editors, Expanding Horizons in Sport Science and Innovations: The 18th Conference of Baltic Society of Sport Science: Abstract book. Kaunas Vilnius Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas. 2025. p. 23-23 doi: 10.7220/9786094676499

Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis

Abstract

Conference

Keywords*

Field of Science*

Publication Type*

Access to Document

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Fingerprint

Recovery strategies to improve the performance of martial arts athletes

Cite this

Exploring Constructs of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire through Factor Analysis

Abstract

Conference

Keywords*

Field of Science*

Publication Type*

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

Recovery strategies to improve the performance of martial arts athletes

Cite this