TY - JOUR
T1 - Filling the gap between the OR and virtual simulation
T2 - a European study on a basic neurosurgical procedure
AU - European Neurosurgery Simulation Study Group (ENSSG)
AU - Perin, Alessandro
AU - Galbiati, Tommaso Francesco
AU - Gambatesa, Enrico
AU - Ayadi, Roberta
AU - Orena, Eleonora Francesca
AU - Cuomo, Valentina
AU - Riker, Nicole Irene
AU - Falsitta, Lydia Viviana
AU - Schembari, Silvia
AU - Rizzo, Stefano
AU - Caggiano, Chiara
AU - Casali, Cecilia
AU - Legnani, Federico Giuseppe
AU - Mattei, Luca
AU - Prada, Francesco Ugo
AU - Saini, Marco
AU - Saladino, Andrea
AU - Abbritti, Rosaria Viola
AU - Arapovic, Dalibor
AU - Bareikis, Karolis
AU - Baschera, Dominik
AU - Bohrer, Anna Margarete
AU - Chen, Bixia
AU - Constantinou, Stavros
AU - Daemi, Attaran Pooya
AU - Delabar, Violaine
AU - Deyng, Janina
AU - Di Somma, Alberto
AU - Fanizzi, Claudia
AU - Forsse, Axel
AU - Huscher, Karen
AU - Johansen, Tonje Okkenhaug
AU - Koppal, Peter
AU - Lapteva, Ona
AU - Lechanoine, Francois
AU - Masomi, Julia
AU - Mestan, David
AU - Minasyan, Ararat
AU - Orie, Samuel
AU - Ozak, Ahmet
AU - Petrov, Mihail
AU - Pichkur, Oleksandr
AU - Ramos, Rui
AU - Sahin, Selcuk Omer
AU - Seromenho, Santos Alexandra
AU - Nikolina, Sesar
AU - Sinha, Priyank
AU - Sowa, Mariustz
AU - Styk, Andrzej
A2 - Auslands, Kaspar
N1 - Funding Information:
We deeply thank Jay Benerjee and Andr? Targino from ImmersiveTouch who gave us technical support during the EANS Training Course in Sofia (Bulgaria) in 2016. Thanks to all the members of the European Neurosurgery Simulation Study Group (ENSSG); they made this study possible, aiming at improving and unifying the way neurosurgical training is provided across Europe. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Neurosurgery Training All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers? bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licencing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2018/11/1
Y1 - 2018/11/1
N2 - Background: Currently available simulators are supposed to allow young neurosurgeons to hone their technical skills in a safe environment, without causing any unnecessary harm to their patients caused by their inexperience. For this training method to be largely accepted in neurosurgery, it is necessary to prove simulation efficacy by means of large-scale clinical validation studies. Methods: We correlated and analysed the performance at a simulator and the actual operative skills of different neurosurgeons (construct validity). We conducted a study involving 92 residents and attending neurosurgeons from different European Centres; each participant had to perform a virtual task, namely the placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) at a neurosurgical simulator (ImmersiveTouch). The number of attempts needed to reach the ventricles and the accuracy in positioning the catheter were assessed. Results: Data suggests a positive correlation between subjects who placed more EVDs in the previous year and those who get better scores at the simulator (p =.008) (fewer attempts and better surgical accuracy). The number of attempts to reach the ventricle was also analysed; senior residents needed fewer attempts (mean = 2.26; SD = 1.11) than junior residents (mean = 3.12; SD = 1.05) (p =.007) and staff neurosurgeons (mean = 2.89, SD = 1.23). Scoring results were compared by using the Fisher’s test, for the analysis of the variances, and the Student’s T test. Surprisingly, having a wider surgical experience overall does not correlate with the best performance at the simulator. Conclusion: The performance of an EVD placement on a simulator correlates with the density of the neurosurgical experience for that specific task performed in the OR, suggesting that simulators are able to differentiate neurosurgeons according to their surgical ability. Namely this suggests that the simulation performance reflects the surgeons’ consistency in placing EVDs in the last year.
AB - Background: Currently available simulators are supposed to allow young neurosurgeons to hone their technical skills in a safe environment, without causing any unnecessary harm to their patients caused by their inexperience. For this training method to be largely accepted in neurosurgery, it is necessary to prove simulation efficacy by means of large-scale clinical validation studies. Methods: We correlated and analysed the performance at a simulator and the actual operative skills of different neurosurgeons (construct validity). We conducted a study involving 92 residents and attending neurosurgeons from different European Centres; each participant had to perform a virtual task, namely the placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) at a neurosurgical simulator (ImmersiveTouch). The number of attempts needed to reach the ventricles and the accuracy in positioning the catheter were assessed. Results: Data suggests a positive correlation between subjects who placed more EVDs in the previous year and those who get better scores at the simulator (p =.008) (fewer attempts and better surgical accuracy). The number of attempts to reach the ventricle was also analysed; senior residents needed fewer attempts (mean = 2.26; SD = 1.11) than junior residents (mean = 3.12; SD = 1.05) (p =.007) and staff neurosurgeons (mean = 2.89, SD = 1.23). Scoring results were compared by using the Fisher’s test, for the analysis of the variances, and the Student’s T test. Surprisingly, having a wider surgical experience overall does not correlate with the best performance at the simulator. Conclusion: The performance of an EVD placement on a simulator correlates with the density of the neurosurgical experience for that specific task performed in the OR, suggesting that simulators are able to differentiate neurosurgeons according to their surgical ability. Namely this suggests that the simulation performance reflects the surgeons’ consistency in placing EVDs in the last year.
KW - Construct validity
KW - EVD placement
KW - Patient’s safety
KW - Residency training
KW - Simulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054392137&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00701-018-3676-8
DO - 10.1007/s00701-018-3676-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 30276545
AN - SCOPUS:85054392137
SN - 0001-6268
VL - 160
SP - 2087
EP - 2097
JO - Acta Neurochirurgica
JF - Acta Neurochirurgica
IS - 11
ER -