Abstract
Populācijas demogrāfiskās izmaiņas un neirodeģeneratīvu slimību savlaicīga diagnostika un ārstēšana ir viens no lielākajiem izaicinājumiem Eiropā un pasaulē 21. gadsimtā. Promocijas darbā tiek aplūkotas magnētiskās rezonanses (MR) izmeklējuma iespējas, analizējot pētījuma dalībniekus ar kognitīvajiem traucējumiem. Darba mērķis ir noteikt galvas smadzeņu kvalitatīvo un kvantitatīvo biomarķieru saistību ar kognitīvo funkciju pacientiem ar kognitīvajiem traucējumiem. Pētījuma literatūras apskata sadaļā tiek raksturots kognitīvo traucējumu un demences jēdziens, biežāk izmantotie kognitīvie testi, aprakstītas biežāk izmantotās kvalitatīvās vizuālās novērtēšanas skalas un izvērtēta kvantitatīvo biomarķieru izmantošana kognitīvo traucējumu diagnostikā. Materiālu sadaļā ir izvērtēti dalībnieku demogrāfiskie rādītāji, dalībnieki tiek iedalīti grupās un izvērtētas atšķirības starp dalībnieku grupām. Kopumā tika analizēts 81 dalībnieks, no kuriem 24 nav kognitīvo traucējumu un 57 ir dažādas pakāpes kognitīvie traucējumi, kas tika izvērtēti pēc Monreālas kognitīvās novērtējuma (MoCA) skalas. Metožu sadaļā tiek izvērtēts statistisko metožu lietojums, kas ietver Manna-Vitnija U testu, Kruskala-Valisa H testu, post-hoc analīzi, p vērtību korekciju pēc Bonferoni, Spīrmena korelācijas, principiālo komponentu analīzi. Rezultāti norāda, ka noteikti galvas smadzeņu radioloģiskie biomarķieri ir saistīti ar kognitīvo funkciju rezultātiem, t. sk. gan kvalitatīvās novērtēšanas skalas, gan kvantitatīvās tilpuma, garozas biezuma un baltās vielas šķiedru raksturlieluma vērtības. Šīs noteiktās saistības ir kā pamats tālākiem pētījumiem par kvantitatīvo radioloģisko biomarķieru izmantošanu kognitīvo traucējumu diagnostikā, lai nākotnē spētu agrīni identificēt pacientus, kas ir kognitīvo traucējumu attīstības riska grupā. Secinājumos tiek apstiprinātas darba gaitā izvirzītās hipotēzes – galvas smadzenēs kognitīvo traucējumu un demences gadījumā notiek strukturālas pārmaiņas, kas ir konstatējamas MR attēlos, veicot galvas smadzeņu struktūru kvalitatīvu un kvantitatīvu analīzi, un kognitīvie traucējumi ir saistīti ar specifiskām izmaiņām galvas smadzeņu MR kvantitatīvajos rādītājos. Kopumā MR izmeklējums spēj ne tikai izslēgt lielas patoloģijas, bet arī sniegt daudz plašāku un detalizētāku informāciju par anatomiskām un strukturālām izmaiņām, kas ir būtiskas kognitīvo traucējumu diagnostikai, kontrolei un intervences izvērtēšanai ilgtermiņā.
Demographic changes in the population and timely diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are among the major challenges in Europe and the world in the 21st century. Within the framework of the dissertation, the possibilities of magnetic resonance (MR) examination are explored in analysing study participants with cognitive impairments. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between qualitative and quantitative brain biomarkers and cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairments. The literature review section of the study examines the concept of cognitive impairment and dementia, commonly used cognitive tests, describes commonly used qualitative visual assessment scales, and evaluates the use of quantitative biomarkers in the diagnosis of cognitive impairments. The material section evaluates demographic indicators of participants, divides participants into groups, and evaluates differences between participant groups. In total, 81 participants were analysed, of which 24 had no cognitive impairment and 57 had various degrees of cognitive impairments assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. The methods section evaluates the application of statistical methods, including the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, post-hoc analysis, p-value correction after Bonferroni, Spearman correlation, principal component analysis. Results indicate that certain brain radiological biomarkers are associated with cognitive function outcomes, including both qualitative assessment scales and quantitative volume, cortical thickness, and white-matter fibre characteristic values. These identified relationships serve as the basis for further research on the use of quantitative radiological biomarkers in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and to identify patients in the future who are at higher risk. In conclusion, the hypotheses that were defined during the work are confirmed – in the case of cognitive impairment and dementia, structural changes occur in the brain, which can be detected in MR images by performing a qualitative and quantitative analysis of brain structures, and cognitive impairment is associated with specific changes in the quantitative measures of the brain MR. Overall, MR examination can not only rule out large pathologies but also provide more extensive and detailed information on anatomical and structural changes in the brain that are essential for the diagnosis, control, and evaluation of interventions for cognitive impairment in the long term.
Demographic changes in the population and timely diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are among the major challenges in Europe and the world in the 21st century. Within the framework of the dissertation, the possibilities of magnetic resonance (MR) examination are explored in analysing study participants with cognitive impairments. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between qualitative and quantitative brain biomarkers and cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairments. The literature review section of the study examines the concept of cognitive impairment and dementia, commonly used cognitive tests, describes commonly used qualitative visual assessment scales, and evaluates the use of quantitative biomarkers in the diagnosis of cognitive impairments. The material section evaluates demographic indicators of participants, divides participants into groups, and evaluates differences between participant groups. In total, 81 participants were analysed, of which 24 had no cognitive impairment and 57 had various degrees of cognitive impairments assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. The methods section evaluates the application of statistical methods, including the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, post-hoc analysis, p-value correction after Bonferroni, Spearman correlation, principal component analysis. Results indicate that certain brain radiological biomarkers are associated with cognitive function outcomes, including both qualitative assessment scales and quantitative volume, cortical thickness, and white-matter fibre characteristic values. These identified relationships serve as the basis for further research on the use of quantitative radiological biomarkers in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and to identify patients in the future who are at higher risk. In conclusion, the hypotheses that were defined during the work are confirmed – in the case of cognitive impairment and dementia, structural changes occur in the brain, which can be detected in MR images by performing a qualitative and quantitative analysis of brain structures, and cognitive impairment is associated with specific changes in the quantitative measures of the brain MR. Overall, MR examination can not only rule out large pathologies but also provide more extensive and detailed information on anatomical and structural changes in the brain that are essential for the diagnosis, control, and evaluation of interventions for cognitive impairment in the long term.
Translated title of the contribution | Brain Qualitative and Quantitative Radiological Biomarker Association with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia |
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Original language | Latvian |
Qualification | Doctor of Science |
Awarding Institution |
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Supervisors/Advisors |
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Award date | 13 Dec 2023 |
Place of Publication | Rīga |
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DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2023 |
Keywords*
- Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
- brain
- radiological biomarkers
- cognitive functions
- dementia
- magnetic resonance imaging
Field of Science*
- 3.2 Clinical medicine
Publication Type*
- 4. Doctoral Thesis