Immediate implant placement and simultaneous bone grafting with bone cement in extraction sockets: a systematic review

Background: The placement of immediate dental implants intrinsically displays crestal gaps, which may compromise implant osseointegration. Several grafting materials have been used to overcome this issue. Of the available materials, the use of bone cement is relatively new in oral implantology. This study aimed to examine the available literature on the utilization of bone cements in immediate placement of dental implants and assess its potential in oral implantology. Objectives: To synthesize evidence for appraising the impact of bone cements on implant stability and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of dental implants placed immediately after extraction in humans and animals after 3 months of healing from tooth extraction. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect for relevant studies published from inception to September 2021 using relevant search terms. Of the 1624 studies, 4 were selected for this systematic review. Results: Three of the four studies concluded that bone cements enhanced implant stability and/or BIC with better quality and/or quantity of bone surrounding the immediate dental implant. The conclusion drawn by one article remained indecisive. Meta-analysis could not be performed owing to the presence of substantial heterogeneity. Conclusion: Bone cement is a promising treatment alternative as it augments implant stability and/or BIC in immediate dental implants. Nonetheless, further prospective human clinical trials are required to establish its clinical effectiveness and arrive at a definitive conclusion to recommend its clinical use.