Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults in Latvia and Iceland During COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted
the mental health and wellbeing of older populations across Europe,
exacerbating feelings of loneliness and social isolation, known risk
factors for poor physical and mental health outcomes. This study
aims to understand the extent and implications of these changes in
Latvia and Iceland, providing essential insights for targeted public
health interventions.
Methods: This comparative study utilized data from two key sources: the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe
(SHARE) for Latvia and the HL20 study for Iceland, focusing on
individuals aged 67 and above. Both quantitative surveys were conducted during the pandemic, offering data on health status, loneliness, and social isolation. A novel approach was applied in analyzing
older populations to standardize comparisons between the two distinct datasets. This methodological innovation is part of a bilateral
EEA initiative FM2021/23 aimed at strengthening research collaboration between Latvia and Iceland. Descriptive statistics and the
Pearson Chi-square test were used to compare outcomes between
the two countries and within demographic subgroups.
Results: The study revealed stark differences between the two countries: 80% of Latvian older adults reported social isolation compared
to 42.7% in Iceland. Similarly, 45% of Latvians experienced loneliness versus 30% of Icelanders. Significant associations were found
between social isolation, loneliness, and deteriorating mental and
physical health, with worse outcomes noted in socially isolated
individuals.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a clear link between social
isolation and adverse health outcomes among the older adults, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study supports the need
for proactive public health measures in Latvia and Iceland, including
the development of community engagement programs and mental
health support services tailored to the needs of older adults.
Key messages:
• Study shows significant health impact of social isolation among
older adults in Latvia and Iceland, highlighting urgent need for
targeted public health interventions.
• Effective public health strategies and innovative digital outreach
can mitigate adverse effects of loneliness and isolation observed in
older populations.