Modern possibilities in solving the principle problems of the mask method of inhalation anesthesia and artificial ventilation of the lungs (Russian)

The main problems on solution of which the safety of the mask method of inhalation anaesthesia and artificial ventilation of the lungs depends, are the following: 1) ensuring of hermetical application of the mask to the patient's face and its dependable fixation with special straps; 2) ensuring of a free airway; 3) prevention of vomiting, regurgitation and aspiration during anaesthesia and artificial ventilation of the lungs. All the above problems have been studied thouroughly in the period from 1960 to 1975. As a result of the studies original equipment has been recommended (the mouth mask, oropharyngeal airway, mask straps) to enable an entirely new method of mask inhalation anaesthesia and artificial ventilation of the lungs, including the automatic variety. Anaesthesia of 2011 patients, for all kinds of surgical procedures has shown the possibility of rejection of the endotracheal tube in a whole series of surgical procedures. All the other elements of a modern complex of anaesthesia, including the muscle relaxants, have been used. The incidence of post operative pulmonary complications was lower than in the group where endotracheal intubation had been used.