Abstract
Introduction. Onychomycosis is a chronic infection, which is difficult to treat.
Aim. Contemporary morphology creates opportunities to study the functional units of a nail when
such infections occur, taking into account the components of vascularisation, innervations and apoptosis.
Material and methods. Biopsies of 22 onychomycosis patients were stained with haematoxylin and
eosin, and the Periodic-acid-Schiff reaction was carried out. Immunohistochemical methods were also
used in the respective study.
Results. Nests of hypertrophy were found in the granulose layer of epidermis, with focal
acanthosis. In the horn layer, nests of parakeratosis of various sizes were identified, with incorporations
of homogenous and eosinophil masses. There was a swelling and diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes in
the dermis. The PAS reaction showed round, monogene and eosinophil elements of fungi, as well as long
chains of tiny, bullet-shaped fungi. Nerve fibres containing PGP 9.5 were found in the linking tissue and
in the epithelium of the bed of the nail (small to a medium amount). Medium to high levels of IL-6 positive
cells in the bed of the nail and in the bloodstream were located. IL-1, however, was not a part of any of
the functional units of any of the nails. Medium to high amount HBD-2-containing fibres were found in
the bed and plate of the nail. Interestingly, HBD-4 was not found in any of the samples. The number of
apoptotic cells in the bed of the nail varied, and AI was identified being between 19% and 71%.
Conclusions. Onychomycosis affected nail functional units change the bed of the nail (hyperplasia
of cells, hypertrophy) and the plate of the nail (inclusion of fungi, parakeratosis, vacuolisation). When
it comes to onychomycosis infected nails, the most effective morphopathogenic processes include antiinfectious cytokine IL-6 and programmed death of cells in the bed of the nail. Onychomycosis practically
does not cause ischemia in surrounding tissue (a lack of VEGF), and it does not significantly change
the innervation of the plate of the nail. With the anti-microbial peptides, the functional unit of a nail
affected by onychomycosis exude beta defensin-2, while beta defensin-4 is not linked to an invasion
of fungi.
Aim. Contemporary morphology creates opportunities to study the functional units of a nail when
such infections occur, taking into account the components of vascularisation, innervations and apoptosis.
Material and methods. Biopsies of 22 onychomycosis patients were stained with haematoxylin and
eosin, and the Periodic-acid-Schiff reaction was carried out. Immunohistochemical methods were also
used in the respective study.
Results. Nests of hypertrophy were found in the granulose layer of epidermis, with focal
acanthosis. In the horn layer, nests of parakeratosis of various sizes were identified, with incorporations
of homogenous and eosinophil masses. There was a swelling and diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes in
the dermis. The PAS reaction showed round, monogene and eosinophil elements of fungi, as well as long
chains of tiny, bullet-shaped fungi. Nerve fibres containing PGP 9.5 were found in the linking tissue and
in the epithelium of the bed of the nail (small to a medium amount). Medium to high levels of IL-6 positive
cells in the bed of the nail and in the bloodstream were located. IL-1, however, was not a part of any of
the functional units of any of the nails. Medium to high amount HBD-2-containing fibres were found in
the bed and plate of the nail. Interestingly, HBD-4 was not found in any of the samples. The number of
apoptotic cells in the bed of the nail varied, and AI was identified being between 19% and 71%.
Conclusions. Onychomycosis affected nail functional units change the bed of the nail (hyperplasia
of cells, hypertrophy) and the plate of the nail (inclusion of fungi, parakeratosis, vacuolisation). When
it comes to onychomycosis infected nails, the most effective morphopathogenic processes include antiinfectious cytokine IL-6 and programmed death of cells in the bed of the nail. Onychomycosis practically
does not cause ischemia in surrounding tissue (a lack of VEGF), and it does not significantly change
the innervation of the plate of the nail. With the anti-microbial peptides, the functional unit of a nail
affected by onychomycosis exude beta defensin-2, while beta defensin-4 is not linked to an invasion
of fungi.
Translated title of the contribution | Morphopathological Picture on Nails Affected by Onychomycosis |
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Original language | Latvian |
Title of host publication | Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Zinātniskie raksti |
Subtitle of host publication | 2013. gada medicīnas nozares pētnieciskā darba publikācijas |
Place of Publication | Rīga |
Publisher | Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte |
Pages | 274-281 |
ISBN (Print) | 978-9984-793-56-6 |
Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Publication series
Name | RSU Zinātniskie Raksti |
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ISSN (Print) | 1407-9453 |
Keywords*
- onihomikoze
- naga morfoloģija
- antimikrobie peptīdi
- interleikīns-6
- interleikīns-1
- apoptoze
- VEGF
- PGP
- 9,5
- PAS reakcija
Field of Science*
- 3.1 Basic medicine
- 3.2 Clinical medicine
Publication Type*
- 3.2. Articles or chapters in other proceedings other than those included in 3.1., with an ISBN or ISSN code