TY - JOUR
T1 - Oxidative Stress during HIV Infection
T2 - Mechanisms and Consequences
AU - Ivanov, Alexander V.
AU - Valuev-Elliston, Vladimir T.
AU - Ivanova, Olga N.
AU - Kochetkov, Sergey N.
AU - Starodubova, Elizaveta S.
AU - Bartosch, Birke
AU - Isaguliants, Maria G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Alexander V. Ivanov et al.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the defense mechanisms, they damage biological molecules, alter their functions, and also act as signaling molecules thus generating a spectrum of pathologies. In this review, we summarize current data on oxidative stress markers associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, analyze mechanisms by which this virus triggers massive ROS production, and describe the status of various defense mechanisms of the infected host cell. In addition, we have scrutinized scarce data on the effect of ROS on HIV-1 replication. Finally, we present current state of knowledge on the redox alterations as crucial factors of HIV-1 pathogenicity, such as neurotoxicity and dementia, exhaustion of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, predisposition to lung infections, and certain side effects of the antiretroviral therapy, and compare them to the pathologies associated with the nitrosative stress.
AB - It is generally acknowledged that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in a variety of natural processes in cells. If increased to levels which cannot be neutralized by the defense mechanisms, they damage biological molecules, alter their functions, and also act as signaling molecules thus generating a spectrum of pathologies. In this review, we summarize current data on oxidative stress markers associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, analyze mechanisms by which this virus triggers massive ROS production, and describe the status of various defense mechanisms of the infected host cell. In addition, we have scrutinized scarce data on the effect of ROS on HIV-1 replication. Finally, we present current state of knowledge on the redox alterations as crucial factors of HIV-1 pathogenicity, such as neurotoxicity and dementia, exhaustion of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells, predisposition to lung infections, and certain side effects of the antiretroviral therapy, and compare them to the pathologies associated with the nitrosative stress.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84994056587&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1155/2016/8910396
DO - 10.1155/2016/8910396
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27829986
AN - SCOPUS:84994056587
SN - 1942-0900
VL - 2016
JO - Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
JF - Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
IS - S
M1 - 8910396
ER -