Short term clinical outcomes of patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage: single centre database study

Acute non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage is linked to high mortality rates and is common for cerebral aneurysm rupture. Study included 529 patients hospitalized in Riga East University Hospital from January 2013 to June 2019 with diagnosis acute non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. From medical histories patients’ age, gender, radiological findings during and clinical outcomes were evaluated. There was significant predominance in females for acute non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage in 313 cases with mean age 62,04 years (27-94), male patients 216 with mean age 52,78  (22 – 90). Most of the patients in 77,31% were hospitalized with GKS 10 to 15 and Fisher scale 4 in 344 cases (65,02%). Most common cause of non-traumatic SAH was aneurysm rupture, found in 419 cases (79,20%), 104 patients had non-specific SAH without angiographic finding (19,65%) and 6 patients (1,13%) - AVM rupture. Overall mortality in this pathology group was 25% (133 patients). Clinical results were estimated by patient’s independence, using modified Rankin scale. In the group of SAH due to an aneurysm rupture and endovascular or surgical treatment mRS score 0 -2 were estimated in 200 patients (56,65%), in aneurysm group without treatment -5 patients (7,57%) and in SAH group without aneurysm rupture 83 patients (75,45%). Moderate to severe disability with mRS scale 3-5 in first group was assayed in 89 cases (25,22%), in second group - 13 patients (11,81%) and in the last group in 6 patients (9,09%). mRS 6 in the first group was in 64 cases (18,13%), in the group without aneurysm treatment - 55 cases (83,33%) and in the last group - 14 patients (12,72%). There is significant difference in clinical outcome between patients with aneurysm caused subarachnoid haemorrhage vs non-specific SAH causing lower independence rates. Study showed statistically significant higher mortality rates in patient group with aneurysm caused subarachnoid haemorrhage without surgical treatment.