Success rate of autotransplantation of third molars with open root apex for replacement of tooth row defects

Autotransplantation of third molars with unformed roots has several biological benefits: preservation and regeneration of bone, providing a functioning tooth, with no need for biomaterials. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency of autotransplantation of the immature third molars, performed in the Library, Riga Stradins University. There were 14 patients (4 males and 10 females, mean age 18,0 years, range 14 - 21) with 16 immature third molars autoransplantations. Out of them in one patient tree teeth were transplanted. Procedures were performed from 14/08/2019 till 08/06/2020 by the same specialist. Only patients with at least 6-month observation period were included. Two teeth from the maxilla to the maxilla, seven teeth from the maxilla to the mandible, three teeth from the mandible to the mandible and four from the mandible to the maxilla were transplanted. Gingival pockets and vitality tests for transplanted teeth were assessed clinically. Bone attachment, obliteration of pulp chamber, root length growth and possible appearance of root resorption were evaluated in the periapical radiographs. An increased gingival pocket of 6 mm was observed in one case. Positive vitality test was assessed in 10 teeth, delayed response- in 6 teeth and complete loss of vitality was not observed for any tooth. Radiological examination revealed reestablishment of the bone attachment in 15 teeth. Pulp chamber obliteration was observed in 9 teeth. Root continues to grow in length in 3 teeth. Internal root resorption was detected in 1 case. Autotransplantation of the immature third molars could be considered as effective method for replacement of missing molars. Further development for method and evaluation of long-term results is under way.