TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of ceus in the evaluation of thyroid cancer
T2 - From diagnosis to local staging
AU - Sorrenti, Salvatore
AU - Dolcetti, Vincenzo
AU - Fresilli, Daniele
AU - Del Gaudio, Giovanni
AU - Pacini, Patrizia
AU - Huang, Pintong
AU - Camponovo, Chiara
AU - Leoncini, Andrea
AU - D’andrea, Vito
AU - Pironi, Daniele
AU - Frattaroli, Fabrizio
AU - Trimboli, Pierpaolo
AU - Radzina, Maija
AU - Cantisani, Vito
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/9/30
Y1 - 2021/9/30
N2 - Ultrasound often represents the first diagnostic step for thyroid nodule evaluation in clinical practice, but baseline US alone is not always effective enough to achieve thyroid nodule characterization. In the last decades new ultrasound techniques, such as CEUS, have been introduced to evaluate thyroid parenchyma as recommended by EFSUMB guidelines, for use in clinical research field, although its role is not yet clear. Several papers show the potential utility of CEUS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and in the analysis of lymph node involvement in neoplastic pathology. Therefore, we carried out an evaluation of the literature concerning the role of CEUS in three specific areas: the characterization of the thyroid nodule, the evaluation of minimally invasive treatment and loco‐regional staging of the lymph node in proven thyroid cancer. According to evidence reported, CEUS can also play an operative role in nodular thyroid pathology as it is able to guide ablation procedures on thyroid nodule and metastatic lymph nodes, to assess the radicality of surgery, to evaluate disease relapse at the level of the margins of ablated regions and to monitor the clinical evolution of necrotic areas in immediate post‐treatment setting.
AB - Ultrasound often represents the first diagnostic step for thyroid nodule evaluation in clinical practice, but baseline US alone is not always effective enough to achieve thyroid nodule characterization. In the last decades new ultrasound techniques, such as CEUS, have been introduced to evaluate thyroid parenchyma as recommended by EFSUMB guidelines, for use in clinical research field, although its role is not yet clear. Several papers show the potential utility of CEUS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and in the analysis of lymph node involvement in neoplastic pathology. Therefore, we carried out an evaluation of the literature concerning the role of CEUS in three specific areas: the characterization of the thyroid nodule, the evaluation of minimally invasive treatment and loco‐regional staging of the lymph node in proven thyroid cancer. According to evidence reported, CEUS can also play an operative role in nodular thyroid pathology as it is able to guide ablation procedures on thyroid nodule and metastatic lymph nodes, to assess the radicality of surgery, to evaluate disease relapse at the level of the margins of ablated regions and to monitor the clinical evolution of necrotic areas in immediate post‐treatment setting.
KW - CEUS
KW - Lymph node
KW - RF Ablation
KW - Thyroid nodule
KW - Thyroid nodule diagnosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116067530&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/jcm10194559
DO - 10.3390/jcm10194559
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34640574
AN - SCOPUS:85116067530
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 10
JO - Journal of clinical medicine
JF - Journal of clinical medicine
IS - 19
M1 - 4559
ER -